Bombs, shells, rockets, grenades, and submunitions that were fired or dropped but failed to function as intended. These items remain armed and can detonate under pressure, heat, or movement decades after they were deployed. They are found on former battlefields, in agricultural land, under construction sites, and in waterways across the world.
Munitions that were intentionally abandoned — buried, dumped, or left behind during military withdrawals. Unlike UXO, these items were never intended to function, but their condition after years or decades underground or underwater can make them equally dangerous, often more so.
Explosive or toxic chemicals present in soil or water at concentrations that pose a risk of detonation or serious environmental harm. MC contamination is common at former testing ranges and manufacturing sites, and requires specialist assessment and remediation approaches distinct from those used for intact ordnance.